Evaluation of shear bond strengths of self-etching and total-etching dental adhesives to enamel and dentin / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the shear bond strengths of four dental adhesives in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The facial surfaces of 20 human maxillary incisors were prepared to expose fresh enamel and randomly divided into four groups, in each group 5 teeth were bonded with one adhesives: group A (Clearfil Protect Bond, self-etching two steps), group B (Adper( Prompt, self-etching one step), group C (SwissTEC SL Bond, total-etching two steps), group D (Single Bond, total-etching two steps). Shear bond strengths were determined using an universal testing machine after being stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bond strengths to enamel and dentin were (25.33 +/- 2.84) and (26.07 +/- 5.56) MPa in group A, (17.08 +/- 5.13) and (17.93 +/- 4.70) MPa in group B, (33.14 +/- 6.05) and (41.92 +/- 6.25) MPa in group C, (22.51 +/- 6.25) and (21.45 +/- 7.34) MPa in group D. Group C showed the highest and group B the lowest shear bond strength to enamel and dentin among the four groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The two-step self-etching adhesive showed comparable shear bond strength to some of the total-etching adhesives and higher shear bond strength than one-step self-etching adhesive.</p>

Protection of amrinone against lung injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effect of amrinone against experimental lung ischemia /reperfusion (I/R) injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each): sham- operated group, I/R group, and amrinone-treated I/R group (AMR group). The left lung of rats was subjected to ischemia for 90 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 2 hrs, to induce an I/R lung injury model. The rats of the AMR group received amrinone (10 mg/kg) intravenously 30 minutes before ischemia and 5 minutes before reperfusion. After 2 hrs of reperfusion, carotid artery blood was collected for blood-gas analysis and detection of serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. The left lung was removed for detection of the lung wet/dry ratio, the erythrocuprein (SOD) activity and the malonaldehyde (MDA) content as well as the pathological changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 2 hrs of reperfusion, there were no significant differences in artery partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) among the three groups. The lung wet/dry ratio (5.3 +/- 0.5 vs 4.8 +/- 0.1) and the MDA content (0.66 +/- 0.16 nmol/mg prot vs 0.47 +/- 0.06 nmol/mg prot) in the I/R group were significantly higher than those of the sham-operated group (P <0.05). The administration of amrinone markedly reduced the lung wet/dry ratio (4.8 +/- 0.2) and the MDA content (0.51 +/- 0.09 nmol/mg prot) and increased the SOD activity (54.7 +/- 6.8 vs 39.3 +/- 3.0 U/mg prot) when comparing the I/R group (P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in the I/R group were 22.08 +/- 3.85, 21.92 +/- 5.56 and 30.50 +/- 3.77 pg/mL respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the sham-operated group. The AMR group showed lower serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha (16.66 +/- 3.02,14.73 +/- 2.75 and 22.48 +/- 3.82 pg/mL, respectively) compared with the I/R group (P < 0.01). The pathologic examination displayed that the lung tissue structure was normal and there was no hyperemia in the sham-operated and the AMR groups. The lung tissue structure of the I/R group was nearly normal but there were hyperemia and more inflammatory cells than the sham-operated and the AMR groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Amrinone has protections against lung I/R injury, possibly through its anti-oxidation effects and an inhibition of inflammation factors releasing.</p>

Anatomy of arteries and veins of submandibular glands / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Transplanting a vascularized autologous submandibular gland (SMG) is considered an effective method to treat severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. But the operation may fail due to the anatomic variances in the blood vessels of SMG. The present study aimed to investigate the submandibular glands at the microanatomy level.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The microanatomy of blood vessels including arteries and veins of submandibular gland was investigated using 30 adult corpses and 60 submandibular glands were anatomized under a surgical microscope. The lengths and diameters of the arterial and venous glandular branches were measured using sliding caliper.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The submandibular gland was mainly supplied by the facial artery and submental artery, partly by the lingual artery and external jugular artery. The venous drainage of the submandibualr gland occurred through the anterior facial vein, the venae comitantes of facial artery, the vein close to the Whaston's duct (the hilum vein), and seldom drained to external jugular vein and other veins.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The anatomy of SMG is a complicated structure. Determining the main blood vessels of the submandibular gland is very important to achieve a successful vascularized autologous SMG transplant.</p>

Combination of transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Investigate the response of the patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients to combination of transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty two patients with OSAHS, age ranged from 27 to 54, mean value (x +/- s) 39.1 +/- 7.8, male, body mass index (BMI) ranged from 22.9 to 36. 7 kg/m2, mean value (29.0 +/- 3.6) kg/m2, preoperative apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) was 11.7/h to 113.7/h, mean value (61.8 +/- 21.9)/h, the lowest blood oxygen saturation was 0.10 to 0.85, mean value 0.64 +/- 0. 13. With preoperative endoscopic technique, bony nasopharynx cavity narrowing were present, 14 patients had concomitant tonge-base obstruction. Cephalometric result, SNA ranged from 72.9 degrees to 87.0 degrees, mean value (80.7 +/- 4.1) degrees; SNB 69.50 to 85.0 degrees, mean value (76.8 +/- 4.5) degrees; PAS 0.5 cm to 2.1 cm, mean value (1.2 +/- 0.5) cm; MP-H: ranged from 1.2 cm to 3.5 cm, mean value (2.2 +/- 0.7) cm; PNS ranged from 2.4 cm to 3.5 cm, mean value (2.8 +/- 0.4) cm. All the patients had H-UPPP and concomitant transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty. Fourteen patients with tonge-base obstruction had chin advancement. Results Six months after the operations, the patients were evaluated the response to the operations using Epworth sleep scale, OSAHS filtration questionnaire scale and polysomnography (PSG). There were 27 patients with the decrease percent of AHI reaching or more than 25% and 22 patients with the decrease percent of AHI reaching or more than 50% including 8 patients with AHI less than 5. The other 5 patients were ineffective. After operation, the Epworth sleep scale decreased from (9.2 +/- 4.5) to (4.7 +/- 2. 8) and OSAHS filtration questionnaire scale decreased form (56.0 +/- 15.3) to (17.5 +/- 11.5). Both of the differences were obvious (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combination of transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty and H-UPPP can improve the efficacity and in some patients with pure retropalatal airway narrowing, the cure rate can be improved.</p>

Protective effect of Ambroxol on lung injury induced by ischemia reperfusion / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Ambroxol against experimental lung ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in a situ hilar clamp model.Method Left lung of rat was rendered and ischemic for 90 minutes,and reperfused for up to 2 hours,as the model.Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 rats each group:control group,I/R group,I/R and Ambroxol treatment group (AMB group).Rats of AMB group received Ambroxol (25 mg/kg) Intraabdominally 30 minutes before ischemia and intravenously 5 minutes before reperfusion.After 2 hours of reperfusion,blood-gas analysis,the serum level of IL-1?,IL-8 and TNF-?from carotid artery were delected.The wet/dry ratio of lung,the activity of erythrocuprein (SOD),the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined and pathematology changes were observed in the left lung tissue.Differences within the groups were analysed using two-sample t-test. Results After 2 hours of repeffusion,there were no significant changes of artery partial pressure of oxygen (PO_2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO_2) among three groups.The wet/dry ratio of lung,the activity of MPO (U/g) and the content of MDA (nmol/mgprot) of I/R group were (5.3?0.5),(1.30?0.26) and (0.66?0.16),significantly higher than those of the control group (P

Eye socket reconstruction with free flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the effect of eye reconstruction with free flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Free flap was used in 21 patients of contracted eye socket and anophthalmos. The forearm free flap was utilized in 19 patients,the scapular flap in 2. Free flap with microvascular anastomoses was transferred into contracted eye socket. And hydroxyapatite implant was selectively inserted for intraorbital implantation according to the extent of contracted eye socket postoperation. Eye socket was reconstructed in one stage operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The flaps were transferred successfully in all patients. All patients were followed up between 4 to 42 months, better cosmetic results were achieved and well-fitted eye prosthesis was weaned.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Free flap is a useful alternative in treatment of severe contracted eye socket.</p>